Anthi Margaroni

Cape Asfoungaros, PL 899

Cape Asfoungaros Battery PL 899 PL 899 Location Cape Asfoungaros, altitude 48 m. Coordinates 37.19140021296217, 26.827184732234834 Administration Artillery Lieutenant Pizzolli Luigi (Commander) Weaponry It was...

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 Mount Rachi, PL 211

Mount Rachi Battery PL 211 PL 211 Location  Mount Rachi, altitude 85 m. Coordinates 37.15669464852743, 26.834396625152642 Weaponry It was equipped with 4 guns of 102mm/35...

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Cape Katsouni, PL 250 & PL 227

Cape Katsouni, PL 250 & PL 227 Battery PL 250 & Battery PL 227 PL 250 Location Cape Katsouni, altitude 6 m. Coordinates 37.11388493384774, 26.82698840081493...

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Mount Scumbarda, San Giorgio

Mount Scumbarda Battery San Giorgio San Giorgio Location Mount Scumbarda, altitude 320 m. Coordinates 37.100505838605955, 26.852097740961835 Administration Artillery Lieutenant Gennari Silvio (Commander) Weaponry It was...

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Mount Patella, Fam Dicat Administartion

Mount Patella FAM DICAT Administration FAM DICAT Location Mount Patella, altitude 284 m. Coordinates 37.12583333 26.81916667 Administration Vice-Admiral Virgilio Spigai (Commander) Weaponry It was equipped...

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Mount Meraviglia, PL 127

Mount Meraviglia Battery PL 127 PL 127 Location Mount Meraviglia, altitude 192 m Coordinates 37.14973583075984, 26.85202172049716 Weaponry It was equipped with 6 guns of  90mm/53....

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Mount Kremmidi, PL 248

Mount Kremmidi, PL 248 Battery PL 248 PL 248 Location Mount Kremmidi, altitude 135 m. Coordinates 37.13238484965841, 26.8359084708353 Administration Weaponry It was equipped with 6...

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Vigla Hill, PL 306

Vigla Hill Battery PL 306 PL 306 Location Vigla Hill, altitude 39 m Coordinates 37.137020543647914, 26.863681100707332 Administration Artillery Captain Chiantella Luigi (Commander) Artillery Second Lieutenant...

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Mount Appetici, Lago

Lago Battery Lago Lago Location Mount Appetici, altitude 181m Coordinates 37.15393124701508, 26.869098322625142 Administration Artillery Second Lieutenant Spagnolo Corrado (Vice Commander) Weaponry It was equipped with...

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Mount Clidi, Constanzo Ciano

Constanzo Ciano Battery Constanzo Ciano Constanzo Ciano Location Mount Clidi, altitude 320 m. Coordinates 37.177305227896646, 26.834691472544613  Administration  Artillery Captain Pieri D. (Commander) Artillery Second Lieutenant...

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Fortification of Leros

Among the islands of the Dodecanese, Leros, due to its geographical position in the eastern Mediterranean and its special morphology, was chosen for the creation of Italy's main air and naval base in the Dodecanese.

The purpose was purely strategic: the fortification of Leros and the creation of a large military base ensured the Italians control of an area of ​​vital interest to the Great Powers. This Base, according to the planning, would have facilities for the Navy, the Air Force and the Army, as well as the necessary workshops of private companies manufacturing military equipment.

The main construction projects of the Italians in Leros, for the fortification and defense of the island, were carried out as early as 1923 and were completed at the end of the 1930s.

Among these are:

  • "Gianni Rossetti" Seaplane Base in the area of ​​Lepida 
  • Submarine Base in the adjacent area of ​​Aghios Georgios
  • New town of Portolago (nowadays Lakki), created in order to cover the housing needs created by the construction of the Aeronautical Base
  • Centro Radio Lero – the installation of the Italian telecommunications center in the area of ​​Aghios Nikolaos in Lakki
  • The headquarters of FAM - DICAT, the “FAM -  Fronte A Mare” - Coastal Defense Command and the “DICAT - Difesa Contraerea Territoriale” -  Anti-Aircraft Land Defense Command on Mount Patella, with the unique installation of the Aerophone and the Acoustic - Parabolic Wall

Along with the other defense installations of Leros, the fortification of the island with artillery began already in the mid-1920s, initially mainly for naval defense. Gradually, until the middle and mainly at the end of the 1930s, 103 guns of caliber from 76mm to 152mm were installed on almost all the heights of Leros, most of them from decommissioned battleships and cruisers of the Italian Navy from WW I, composing a network of 25 batteries, responsible for the defense of the island, both from the sea and from the air. Along with the construction of the gun emplacements, other military facilities were developed in each artillery barracks, such as material and ammunition storages, shelters, barracks and logistics buildings, as well as various other facilities. The defense network of Leros is considered a model of interwar fortification architecture (1918 – 1939).

Especially since 1936, when military zones were officially created on the island, fenced with barbed wire, the mountains and heights of Leros acquired a purely military character. The granting of compensation stops, since the cutting of the bushes was first prohibited by decree, and thus the fields were turned into forest land, and by extension they are considered the property of the Italian State. Thus, livestock breeders and farmers, losing their properties, are forced to resort to day labor, since there is indeed a lack of labor force, due to the excessive number of projects in progress. For the construction of the defense and public works of Leros, artisans are transferred from Italy, with a daily wage of 40-50 italian lire, while the Greeks receive 6-10 italian lire.

The outbreak of World War II led to the expansion and improvement, on a large scale, of military installations, but this was opposed to economic criteria and above all the lack of availability of means and the difficulties in maritime transportations. The serious shortcomings of the hasty Italian military preparation led to the dispersion of the scarce available means in many areas, all of them of high importance and therefore did not allow the care imposed on any of them.

Thus, in the Dodecanese, although the level of preparation could be described as satisfactory, in relation to infrastructure and logistics facilities, the field of armaments, and especially that of Artillery, lagged far behind, since the Dodecanese had been sent almost exclusively old-style and dissimilar weapons caliber, which did not allow the organization of defense to develop to a sufficient and satisfactory degree, which will have a huge impact on the events of September - November 1943.

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