Mount Patella

FAM DICAT Administration

FAM DICAT

Location

Mount Patella, altitude 284 m.

Coordinates

37.12583333 26.81916667

Administration

Vice-Admiral Virgilio Spigai (Commander)

Weaponry

It was equipped with 6 guns of 76mm/40.

It was an anti-aircraft artillery.

In Patella, there was the legendary artillery unit 248 COMANDO FAM-DI.CAT.
It was the command and coordination center of the entire anti-aircraft system, with Commander Lieutenant Virginio Spigai. It had huge underground buildings, galleries, bases for loudspeakers, and large military buildings inside and outside the ground. There were also water tanks that still quench the thirst of hundreds of goats and sheep. When I went up there, apart from what I described above, I also saw a loudspeaker base, perhaps unique in the world, which is waiting patiently to be destroyed by time and indifference. There was also an observation post with an iron ladder that leads to a 15-room underground shelter. I will probably be one of the last to visit it, as erosion has made it extremely dangerous! In the end, the indifference and perhaps the ignorance of those in charge is destroying the history and monuments of our land, which could have been a living museum of World War II.

Frantsesko DiPierro

Mount Patella Today

The barrack in Patella

The observatory in Patella

The barrack in Patella

The underground administartion in Patella

The parabolic Acoustic Wall in Patella

The tunnel in Patella

Photos and video by Markos Spanos ©

Fortification of Leros

Among the islands of the Dodecanese, Leros, due to its geographical position in the eastern Mediterranean and its special morphology, was chosen for the creation of Italy's main air and naval base in the Dodecanese.

The purpose was purely strategic: the fortification of Leros and the creation of a large military base ensured the Italians control of an area of vital interest to the Great Powers. This Base, according to the planning, would have facilities for the Navy, the Air Force and the Army, as well as the necessary workshops of private companies manufacturing military equipment.

The main construction projects of the Italians in Leros, for the fortification and defense of the island, were carried out as early as 1923 and were completed at the end of the 1930s.

Among these are:

"Gianni Rossetti" Seaplane Base in the area of Lepida
Submarine Base in the adjacent area of Aghios Georgios
New town of Portolago (nowadays Lakki), created in order to cover the housing needs created by the construction of the Aeronautical Base
Centro Radio Lero – the installation of the Italian telecommunications center in the area of Aghios Nikolaos in Lakki
The headquarters of FAM - DICAT, the “FAM - Fronte A Mare” - Coastal Defense Command and the “DICAT - Difesa Contraerea Territoriale” - Anti-Aircraft Land Defense Command on Mount Patella, with the unique installation of the Aerophone and the Acoustic - Parabolic Wall

Along with the other defense installations of Leros, the fortification of the island with artillery began already in the mid-1920s, initially mainly for naval defense. Gradually, until the middle and mainly at the end of the 1930s, 103 guns of caliber from 76mm to 152mm were installed on almost all the heights of Leros, most of them from decommissioned battleships and cruisers of the Italian Navy from WW I, composing a network of 25 batteries, responsible for the defense of the island, both from the sea and from the air. Along with the construction of the gun emplacements, other military facilities were developed in each artillery barracks, such as material and ammunition storages, shelters, barracks and logistics buildings, as well as various other facilities. The defense network of Leros is considered a model of interwar fortification architecture (1918 – 1939).

Especially since 1936, when military zones were officially created on the island, fenced with barbed wire, the mountains and heights of Leros acquired a purely military character. The granting of compensation stops, since the cutting of the bushes was first prohibited by decree, and thus the fields were turned into forest land, and by extension they are considered the property of the Italian State. Thus, livestock breeders and farmers, losing their properties, are forced to resort to day labor, since there is indeed a lack of labor force, due to the excessive number of projects in progress. For the construction of the defense and public works of Leros, artisans are transferred from Italy, with a daily wage of 40-50 italian lire, while the Greeks receive 6-10 italian lire.

The outbreak of World War II led to the expansion and improvement, on a large scale, of military installations, but this was opposed to economic criteria and above all the lack of availability of means and the difficulties in maritime transportations. The serious shortcomings of the hasty Italian military preparation led to the dispersion of the scarce available means in many areas, all of them of high importance and therefore did not allow the care imposed on any of them.

Thus, in the Dodecanese, although the level of preparation could be described as satisfactory, in relation to infrastructure and logistics facilities, the field of armaments, and especially that of Artillery, lagged far behind, since the Dodecanese had been sent almost exclusively old-style and dissimilar weapons caliber, which did not allow the organization of defense to develop to a sufficient and satisfactory degree, which will have a huge impact on the events of September - November 1943.

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